Systems + Software

Engineering tools with a product mindset

I'm Rob Rothschild, a systems & software engineer in Bellingham, WA, focused on simulation, data analytics, and interactive tools for hardware and test systems.

Explore projects across C++ gameplay, Python and MATLAB data-analysis tools, and modern web apps built with Astro, Django, and SvelteKit.

Rob Rothschild standing with teammates beside the James Webb Space Telescope during testing.
Cosmic Latte: The Average Color of the Universe

NASA's Astronomy Picture of the Day

2026-09-28 | Cosmic Latte: The Average Color of the Universe

What color is the universe? More precisely, if the entire sky were smeared out, what color would the final mix be? This whimsical question came up when trying to determine what stars are commonplace in nearby galaxies. The answer, depicted here, is a conditionally perceived shade of beige. In computer parlance: #FFF8E7. To determine this, astronomers computationally averaged the light emitted by one of the larger samples of galaxies analyzed: the 200,000 galaxies of the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey. The resulting cosmic spectrum has some emission in all parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, but a single perceived composite color. This color has become much less blue over the past 10 billion years, indicating that redder stars are becoming more prevalent. In a contest to better name the color, notable entries included skyvory, univeige, and the winner: cosmic latte. APOD's email for image submissions has changed. Please see: APOD Submissions Tomorrow: APOD's main NASA site is moving: From apod.nasa.gov to science.nasa.gov/apod